Refereed Journal Articles
Marraccini, M.E., Anonick, R., Delgaty, L.E., Middleton, T.J., Toole, E.N., Ying, J., & Hubal, R. (2025). Practice experiences for school reintegration: Endorsement for virtual reality with adolescents hospitalized for suicide-related crises. Psychological Services, 22(1), 145-157. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000874
Marraccini, M.E., Hubal, R., Delgaty, L.E., Middleton, T.J., Anonick, R., Li, Y., & Heneghan, J. (2024). Development and testing of a virtual reality intervention with adolescents hospitalized for suicide-related crises. Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine, 22, 150-155.
Hubal, R. (2024). Rethinking some virtual human applications. Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine, 22, 28-33.
Alexander, S.M., Friedman, V., Rerkpattanapipat, P.M., Hiatt, W.A., Heneghan, J.S., Hubal, R., & Lee, Y.Z. (2024). Adapting novel augmented reality devices for patient simulations in medical education. Cureus Journal of Medical Science, 16(8), e66209. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.66209
Hubal, R., & Cohen Hubal, E. (2023). Simulating patterns of life: More representative time-activity patterns that account for context. Environment International, 172, 107753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.107753
Williams, C.R., Hubal, R., Wolcott, M.D., & Kruse, A. (2022). Interactive narrative simulation as a method for preceptor development. Pharmacy, 10(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10010005
Hubal, R., & Heneghan, J. (2021). Comprehensive virtual human initiative for complex interaction skills training [abstract]. Simulation in Healthcare, 16(2), e8. https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0000000000000574
Ma, C., Hubal, R., & McLaughlin, J. (2020). Case element analysis for automated generation of cases in pharmacy education. Education in the Health Professions, 3(1), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.4103/EHP.EHP_3_20
Hubal, R., & Pina, J. (2012). Serious assessments in serious games. International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations, 4(3), 49-64. https://doi.org/10.4018/jgcms.2012070104
Hubal, R.C., Bonner, M.J., Hardy, K.K., FitzGerald, D.P., Willard, V.W., & Allen, T.M. (2011). Technical aspects and testing of a program to assess deficits in facial expression recognition in childhood cancer survivors. Journal of CyberTherapy & Rehabilitation, 4(3), 363-369.
Hubal, R.C., Evens, N.R., FitzGerald, D.P., Hardy, K.K., Willard, V.W., & Bonner, M.J. (2008). Implementation of FACS for synthetic characters for use in studying facial expression recognition by survivors of childhood cancer. Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine, 6, 35-40.
Hubal, R.C., Fishbein, D.H., Sheppard, M.S, Paschall, M.J., Eldreth, D.L., & Hyde, C.T. (2008). How do varied populations interact with embodied conversational agents? Findings from inner-city adolescents and prisoners. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(3), 1104-1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.03.010
Hubal, R., Kizakevich, P., & Furberg, R. (2007). Synthetic characters in health-related applications. Studies in Computational Intelligence, 65, 5-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/978 3 540 72375-2_2
Link, M.W., Armsby, P.P., Hubal, R.C., & Guinn, C.I. (2006). Accessibility and acceptance of responsive virtual human technology as a survey interviewer training tool. Computers in Human Behavior, 22(3), 412-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.09.008
Hubal, R.C., & Day, R.S. (2006). Informed consent procedures: An experimental test using a virtual character in a dialog systems training application. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 39(5), 532-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2005.12.006
Paschall, M.J., Fishbein, D.H., Hubal, R.C., & Eldreth, D. (2005). Psychometric properties of virtual reality vignette performance measures: A novel approach for assessing adolescents’ social competency skills. Health Education Research: Theory and Practice, 20(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyg103
Deterding, R., Milliron, C., & Hubal, R. (2005). The virtual pediatric standardized patient application: Formative evaluation findings. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 111, 105-107. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15718709/
Hubal, R.C., Deterding, R.R., Frank, G.A., Schwetzke, H.F., & Kizakevich, P.N. (2003). Lessons learned in modeling virtual pediatric patients. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 94, 127-130. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15455877/
Hubal, R.C., Kizakevich, P.N., Guinn, C.I., Merino, K.D., & West, S.L. (2000). The virtual standardized patient–Simulated patient-practitioner dialogue for patient interview training. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 70, 133-138. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10977526/
Conference Papers, Workshops & Presentations
Lent, S., & Bell, C.A. (2025, May) Enhancing professional practice through mixed-reality software. Prepared for the 2025 University of Wisconsin-Madison Teaching & Learning Symposium. Madison, WI.
Lent, S. (2025, April). Intersections of multilingual learners and students with disabilities: Considerations for an innovative approach to teacher education. Prepared for the AERA 2025 Annual Meeting. Denver, CO.
Lent, S. (2025, April). Considerations for innovative approaches in teacher education: Using mixed-reality simulation. Prepared for the AERA 2025 Annual Meeting. Denver, CO.
Lent, S., & Tierney, J. (2025, March). Integrating mixed-reality simulation in special education preparation: A design-based research approach. Prepared for the SITE 2025 Annual Conference. Orlando, FL.
Mikeska, J.N., Beigman Klebanov, B., Marigo, A., Tierney, J., Maxwell, T., & Nazaretsky, T. (2024). Exploring the potential of automated and personalized feedback to support science teacher learning. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. Recife, Brazil.
Mikeska, J.N., Beigman Klebanov, B., Tierney, J., Marigo, A., & Maxwell, T. (2024, September). Using natural language processing to generate personalized feedback to support teacher learning of key teaching competencies. Prepared for the NCME 2024 Special Conference on Classroom Assessment. Chicago, IL.
Mikeska, J.N., Tierney, J., Kanagaki, N., Lottero-Perdue, P., Marigo, A., Maxwell, T., Miller, K., & Kinsey, D. (2024, March 17-20). Supporting elementary teachers’ use of culturally responsive pedagogy with scenario-based performance tasks. Prepared for the National Association for Research in Science Teaching 2024 Annual Meeting. Denver, CO.
Mikeska, J.N., Marigo, A., Tierney, J., Maxwell, T., & Beigman Klebanov, B. (2024, March 17-20). Using artificial intelligence to generate feedback reports about teachers’ ability to attend to student ideas equitably and responsively. Prepared for the National Association for Research in Science Teaching 2024 Annual Meeting, Denver, CO.
Mikeska, J.M., Marigo, A., Tierney, J., Maxwell, T., Pham, D., & Beigman Klebanov, B. (2024, March 17-20). Exploring Automated Evaluation of Teacher Attention to Student Ideas During Argumentation-Focused Science Discussions. Prepared for the National Association for Research in Science Teaching 2024 Annual Meeting. Denver, CO.
Lent, S., Bell, C.A., & Steinhauer, E. (2024, April). Core Practice Simulations to Support Equitable Practices in Special Education Teaching and Learning. Prepared for the AERA 2024 Annual Meeting. Philadelphia, PA.
Mikeska, J. N., Marigo, A., Maxwell, T., Tierney, J., Nazaretsky, T., Beigman Klebanov, B., & Pham, D. (2023, April 18-21). Toward AI-powered approximations of practice: Using automated evaluation of teacher attention to and use of student ideas during argumentation-focused science discussions. Prepared for the National Association for Research in Science Teaching 2023 Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL.
Mikeska, J.N., Nazaretsky, T., Maxwell, T., Marigo, A., Pham, D., Beigman Klebanov, B., & Tierney, J. (2023, June 6). Using AI to support teacher learning. Prepared for the 2023 ETS Lunch and Learn Series. Princeton, NJ.
Mikeska, J.N., Kanagaki, N., Kinsey, D., Marigo, A., Maxwell, T., & Tierney, J. (2023, July 27). Supporting Culturally Responsive Teaching in Elementary Science Teachers. Prepared for the 2023 ETS Lunch and Learn Series. Princeton, NJ.
Chen, F., Lee, Y., & Hubal, R. (2020). Testing of a virtual patient: Linguistic and display engagement findings. Proceedings of the Immersive Learning Research Network Conference, 6, 348-50. https://doi.org/10.23919/iLRN47897.2020.9155191
Phelps, G., Bell, C.A., Corcoran, L., Dickerman, D., Forzani, F., Forsyth, C., Fowler, M., Garcia, N., Gillespie, S., Glazer, N., Hansen, E., Hullinger, L., Kurzum, C., Laitusis, C., Loew, R., McCaffrey, D., Pedley, K., Russell, M., Sims-Gunzenhauser, A., Tan, A., Tierney, J., & Warren, B. (2018, April). Developing simulated performance assessments for teacher licensure. Prepared for the National Council on Measurement in Education 2018 Annual Meeting. New York, NY.
Burch, E.K., Lanzo, K.S., & Hubal, R. (2018). Lessons learned in modeling complex dialog for productive encounters. Talk presented at the East Coast Game Conference, April 19, 2018, Raleigh, NC.
Hubal, R. (2014). A [really fast] tour through some PA applications. Talk presented at the Workshop on Empirical Research with Pedagogical Agents, October 20-22, 2014, Playa Vista, CA.
Hubal, R. (2012). The imperative for social competency prediction. In S.J. Yang, A.M. Greenberg, & M. Endsley (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling, & Prediction (pp. 188-195). Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29047-3_23
Hubal, R., Mitroff, S.R., Cain, M.S., Scott, B., & DeWitt, R. (2010). Simulating a vigilance task: Extensible technology for baggage security assessment and training. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (pp. 543-548). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/THS.2010.5654982
Hubal, R., & Frank, G. (2007). Lessons learned in embodying tutoring for interactive skills. Talk presented at the International Workshop on Virtual Instructors, May 21, 2007, Washington, DC.
Hubal, R., Kizakevich, P., Frank, G., & Guinn, C. (2004). Psychologically plausible models that drive synthetic character behavior within applications for assessing interaction skills. Talk presented at the Annual Workshop on Cognitive Systems: Human Cognitive Models in System Design, June 30, 2004, Santa Fe, NM.
Hubal, R.C., Frank, G.A., & Guinn, C.I. (2003). Lessons learned in modeling schizophrenic and depressed responsive virtual humans for training. In Proceedings of the Intelligent User Interface Conference (pp. 85-92). ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/604045.604062
Guinn, C., & Hubal, R. (2003). Extracting emotional information from the text of spoken dialog. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Assessing and Adapting to User Attitudes and Affect: Why, When and How? User Modeling, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1.1.119.5549
Other Forms of Publications
Tierney, J., Maxwell, T., Cisterna, D., Baehr, B., Marigo, A., Mikeska, J., Kanagaki, N., & Beigman Klebanov, B. (in review). Creating personalized feedback reports powered by artificial intelligence to support teacher learning of core learning practices. Connections, An official AMTE publication for the mathematics teacher education community.
Amdur, E., & Hubal, R. (2025). The good stranger: Managing crisis situations within social services environments. The RAN Network.
Bell, C. A., Phelps, G., McCaffrey, D., Liu, S., Weren, B., Glazer, N., & Forzani, F. (2023, February). Simulating classroom interactions at scale for the improvement of practice-based teacher education (Wisconsin Center for Education Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison Working Paper No. 2022-3). https://wcer.wisc.edu/docs/working-papers/WCER_Working_Paper_No_2022_3.pdf
Howell, H., Mikeska, J.N., Tierney, J., Baehr, B., & Lehman, P. (2021). Conceptualization and development of a performance task for assessing and building elementary preservice teachers’ ability to facilitate argumentation-focused discussions in mathematics: The ordering fractions task (Research Memorandum No. RM-21-10). ETS.
Hullinger, L., & Tierney, J., (2018, Feb 27). ETS NOTE Practices for Teaching Content (PTC): Task Development of Innovative Performance Assessments for Teacher Licensure. Prepared for 2018 ETS Open House. Princeton, NJ.
Hubal, R., & Parsons, T. (2017). Synthetic environments for skills training and practice. In L. Lin & J.M. Spector (Eds.), The Sciences of Learning and Instructional Design: Constructive Articulation between Communities. Oxford, UK: Routledge.
Witherspoon, M., Sykes, G., & Bell, C. A. (2016). Leading a classroom discussion: Definition, supporting evidence, and measurement of the ETS® National Observational Teaching Examination (NOTE) Assessment Series (Research Memorandum RM-16-09). Educational Testing Service.
Additional References
Bondie, R., Mancenido, Z., & Dede, C. (2021). Interaction principles for digital puppeteering to promote teacher learning. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 53(1), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2020.1823284
Chernikova, O., Heitzmann, N., Stadler, M., Holzberger, D., Seidel, T., & Fischer, F. (2020). Simulation-based learning in higher education: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 90(4), 499–541. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654320933544
Cohen, J., Wong, V., Krishnamachari, A., & Berlin, R. (2020). Teacher coaching in a simulated environment. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 42(2), 208–231. https://doi.org/10.3102%2F0162373720906217
Davis, E. A., Kloser, M., Wells, A., Windschitl, M., Carlson, J., & Marino, J.-C. (2017). Teaching the practice of leading sense-making discussions in science: Science teacher educators using rehearsals. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 28(3), 275–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/1046560X.2017.1302729
Dieker, L. A., Rodriguez, J. A., Lignugaris-Kraft, B., Hynes, M. C., & Hughes, C. E. (2014). The potential of simulated environments in teacher education: Current and future possibilities. Teacher Education and Special Education, 37(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888406413512683
Kavanagh, S. S., Monte-Sano, C., Reisman, A., Fogo, B., McGrew, S., & Cipparone, P. (2019). Teaching content in practice: Investigating rehearsals of social studies discussions. Teaching and Teacher Education, 86, 102863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.06.017
Kazemi, E., Ghousseini, H., Cunard, A., & Turrou, A. C. (2015). Getting inside rehearsals: Insights from teacher educators to support work on complex practice. Journal of Teacher Education, 67(1), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487115615
Mikeska, J. N., & Howell, H. (2020). Simulations as practice-based spaces to support elementary teachers in learning how to facilitate argumentation-focused science discussions. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 57(9), 1356–1399. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21659
Mikeska, J. N., Howell, H., & Straub, C. (2019). Using performance tasks within simulated environments to assess teachers’ ability to engage in coordinated, accumulated, and dynamic (CAD) competencies. International Journal of Testing, 19(2), 128–147.
Qi, Y., & Sykes, G. (2016). Eliciting student thinking: Definition, research support, and measurement of the ETS® National Observational Teaching Examination (NOTE) Assessment Series (Research Memorandum No. RM-16-06). Educational Testing Service.
Stickler, L., & Sykes, G. (2016). Modeling and explaining content: Definition, research support, and measurement of the ETS® National Observational Teaching Examination (NOTE) Assessment Series (Research Memorandum No. RM-16-07). Educational Testing Service